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            <title><![CDATA[知识储备]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-806b-aa47-e65b057c8b57</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-806b-aa47-e65b057c8b57</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d44806baa47e65b057c8b57"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d44811881b7cfddf54ce247"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481519dfacd1715093a91"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9535eeef-8b19-46a3-881d-70294e460e46%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-8151-9dfa-cd1715093a91&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-8151-9dfa-cd1715093a91" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481518f17cf3497acb06a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9535eeef-8b19-46a3-881d-70294e460e46%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-8151-8f17-cf3497acb06a&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-8151-8f17-cf3497acb06a" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d448117ac1eca0f09556b90"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44810a952aea1f5c6ef9c8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A87432802-7057-4c3a-9c43-8ea8a9f85f4c%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-810a-952a-ea1f5c6ef9c8&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-810a-952a-ea1f5c6ef9c8" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44815484c0fe58d8226869"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1e5d54ec-1c78-44cf-98ab-90459fe303c0%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-8154-84c0-fe58d8226869&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-8154-84c0-fe58d8226869" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><a class="notion-page-link 21f25f29-0d44-80d1-9e10-f8c623678494" href="/21f25f290d4480d19e10f8c623678494"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="学习笔记" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">学习笔记</span></span></a></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[高通量计算流程]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-80a3-81e1-cd11f84c72f8</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-80a3-81e1-cd11f84c72f8</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d4480a381e1cd11f84c72f8"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481f9b62fec15fc6394a0">非常好，你的目标是在 <b>Linux无图形界面服务器</b> 上，使用：</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d448114be94d21de2bd4773"><div>Jobflow + Atomate2 + FireWorks + SLURM + custodian + VASP + slow-growth方法</div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481afa817f69e6ea0dec2">进行 <b>过渡态搜索工作流（NEB+TS频率+自由能垒）</b>。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481049153fd33eab3c557">我将为你分阶段构建该系统，<b>兼顾模块化、可部署性与实际计算稳定性</b>，并能在<b>无GUI集群上自动运行</b>。</div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481b78e77e42f0f4c1b34"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d44812f9aead212e2f5a633" data-id="2b125f290d44812f9aead212e2f5a633"><span><div id="2b125f290d44812f9aead212e2f5a633" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44812f9aead212e2f5a633" title="✅ 一、系统框架总览"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">✅ 一、系统框架总览</span></span></h2><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-2b125f290d4481b09dd9e54fcad71bf4"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481628ac3d986b0129c24"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">模块</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">工具</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">说明</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d448125a569f35e4064636a"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">工作流引擎</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">jobflow</code> + <code class="notion-inline-code">FireWorks</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">构建任务依赖图并调度执行</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d448156ac2bd9d4532556f6"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">TS搜索主流程</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">Atomate2</code> + <code class="notion-inline-code">VASP</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">自动完成结构优化、NEB、频率分析</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d448196b5cacfdff5e2aef4"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">自动修错</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">custodian</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">检测错误并自动修复重启</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481ee86e4cd4b739552d0"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">作业调度</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">SLURM</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">分布式任务提交与运行</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d44816fa761e9ea0a8e65a7"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">数据库管理</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell"><code class="notion-inline-code">MongoDB</code> + <code class="notion-inline-code">LaunchPad</code></div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">存储任务状态与运行记录</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d448162a1c7ddd120888a0e"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">服务器环境</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">无GUI Linux</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">无需图形界面，命令行部署运行</div></td></tr></tbody></table><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481e9b79ac2f9420b7de6"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d44811aae95f0f144ecc730" data-id="2b125f290d44811aae95f0f144ecc730"><span><div id="2b125f290d44811aae95f0f144ecc730" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44811aae95f0f144ecc730" title="🧰 二、环境准备（conda环境 + FireWorks + MongoDB）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">🧰 二、环境准备（conda环境 + FireWorks + MongoDB）</span></span></h2><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481578945f313970df3ae" data-id="2b125f290d4481578945f313970df3ae"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481578945f313970df3ae" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481578945f313970df3ae" title="1. 创建 Conda 环境（推荐 Python 3.10）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 创建 Conda 环境（推荐 Python 3.10）</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481ce8aabc7d26f5a95da" data-id="2b125f290d4481ce8aabc7d26f5a95da"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481ce8aabc7d26f5a95da" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481ce8aabc7d26f5a95da" title="2. 启动 MongoDB（推荐后台服务方式）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 启动 MongoDB（推荐后台服务方式）</span></span></h4><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481ae9435f3c2c0bea9a5"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d448199b53fd2c35fc86338" data-id="2b125f290d448199b53fd2c35fc86338"><span><div id="2b125f290d448199b53fd2c35fc86338" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448199b53fd2c35fc86338" title="⚙️ 三、配置 FireWorks 和 Jobflow"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">⚙️ 三、配置 FireWorks 和 Jobflow</span></span></h2><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481dcb62bfef7c005c653" data-id="2b125f290d4481dcb62bfef7c005c653"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481dcb62bfef7c005c653" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481dcb62bfef7c005c653" title="1. 设置 my_launchpad.yaml（任务数据库配置）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 设置 <code class="notion-inline-code">my_launchpad.yaml</code>（任务数据库配置）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481a09437e3ba6314fa12">放在当前目录或 <code class="notion-inline-code">~/.fireworks/my_launchpad.yaml</code></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481d0bd35f4237a46591c" data-id="2b125f290d4481d0bd35f4237a46591c"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481d0bd35f4237a46591c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481d0bd35f4237a46591c" title="2. 设置 jobflow.yaml（Jobflow行为）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 设置 <code class="notion-inline-code">jobflow.yaml</code>（Jobflow行为）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44818b80b4cc6efa1cbc6b">放置于工作目录或 <code class="notion-inline-code">~/.jobflow/jobflow.yaml</code></div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d448140b1c3fa9a4dfdd4e1"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d448190a2bde72d1e76266e" data-id="2b125f290d448190a2bde72d1e76266e"><span><div id="2b125f290d448190a2bde72d1e76266e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448190a2bde72d1e76266e" title="3. SLURM模板 slurm_template.sh"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. SLURM模板 <code class="notion-inline-code">slurm_template.sh</code></span></span></h4><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481d9a369c9de8ac3ff33"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d44811b9329e2dedae04937" data-id="2b125f290d44811b9329e2dedae04937"><span><div id="2b125f290d44811b9329e2dedae04937" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44811b9329e2dedae04937" title="🧪 四、核心 Jobflow + FireWorks 工作流脚本"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">🧪 四、核心 Jobflow + FireWorks 工作流脚本</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481f18691e312e63d22db" data-id="2b125f290d4481f18691e312e63d22db"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481f18691e312e63d22db" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481f18691e312e63d22db" title="✅ 示例：过渡态搜索 + TS频率 + slow growth 自由能垒"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">✅ 示例：过渡态搜索 + TS频率 + slow growth 自由能垒</span></span></h3><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d448118b3b3f521477a7f4c"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d44814fb0c6c4012aa6b79f" data-id="2b125f290d44814fb0c6c4012aa6b79f"><span><div id="2b125f290d44814fb0c6c4012aa6b79f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44814fb0c6c4012aa6b79f" title="🚀 五、任务运行命令（无图形界面）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">🚀 五、任务运行命令（无图形界面）</span></span></h2><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d4481188733ff68405c8bd9" data-id="2b125f290d4481188733ff68405c8bd9"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481188733ff68405c8bd9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481188733ff68405c8bd9" title="1. 添加工作流到 FireWorks 数据库"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 添加工作流到 FireWorks 数据库</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d448151a49ee43b9b33b06a" data-id="2b125f290d448151a49ee43b9b33b06a"><span><div id="2b125f290d448151a49ee43b9b33b06a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448151a49ee43b9b33b06a" title="2. 启动 FireWorks 任务"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 启动 FireWorks 任务</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448108b115da4fb470ad78">或者后台运行：</div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d44815890cbd352367b1adb"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d4481a3863fea2428b83e99" data-id="2b125f290d4481a3863fea2428b83e99"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481a3863fea2428b83e99" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481a3863fea2428b83e99" title="📊 六、自由能垒计算后处理脚本（slow growth能量积分）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">📊 六、自由能垒计算后处理脚本（slow growth能量积分）</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481ce873bc1e797057df3">你可以从每一步 AIMD 计算的 OUTCAR 中提取能量数据，或在 jobflow 中添加额外解析任务。</div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481779d4ce1cf708e81d3"/><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d448158b210d64405665cd8" data-id="2b125f290d448158b210d64405665cd8"><span><div id="2b125f290d448158b210d64405665cd8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448158b210d64405665cd8" title="✅ 补充建议"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">✅ 补充建议</span></span></h2><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-2b125f290d44812191a8d6063bf175b3"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481eab96bf6c5aaa7059e"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">模块</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">建议</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481a49bb5f58af7145384"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">NEB路径精度</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">climb_image=True</code> 强化鞍点逼近</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481dca097cf478a49d713"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">slow growth 拉伸约束</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">建议用 ASE + pymatgen hybrid builder</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481cba23ee118fb40b8d3"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">jobflow扩展</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可自定义逻辑（如虚频判断后中止）</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d4481258b87da8e11c74155"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">日志管理</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">配置 <code class="notion-inline-code">FW_config.yaml</code> 设定日志目录和数据库行为</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-2b125f290d448119b5dffe604f3b195d"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">结构批处理</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可外包给 jobflow 的 structure list 创建多个 flow 并加入 FireWorks</div></td></tr></tbody></table><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d448155984aead9eb451c1c"/><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481f3b819f8a76c410152"> </div><a class="notion-page-link notion-block-2b125f290d4481f8b0eae3d31fe843d7" href="/2b125f290d4481f8b0eae3d31fe843d7"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="学习流程" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">学习流程</span></span></a><a class="notion-page-link notion-block-2b125f290d448151ac5ae90171cf9b2a" href="/2b125f290d448151ac5ae90171cf9b2a"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="FireWorks 学习笔记" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">FireWorks 学习笔记</span></span></a></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[蒙特卡罗方法]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-80b3-9030-ed7b269f0f22</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-80b3-9030-ed7b269f0f22</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 29 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d4480b39030ed7b269f0f22"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d448182ba08c6c4830f3a47" data-id="2b125f290d448182ba08c6c4830f3a47"><span><div id="2b125f290d448182ba08c6c4830f3a47" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448182ba08c6c4830f3a47" title="关于化学分子机器学习势能面构建过程中的数据处理"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">关于化学分子机器学习势能面构建过程中的数据处理</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448166815adfe1e66824f8">在化学分子机器学习势能面（Potential Energy Surface, PES）构建过程中，数据处理是至关重要的环节。以下是一些建议和参考文献，可以帮助你更好地进行数据处理：</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b125f290d44813a837ceaed90f0c377" data-id="2b125f290d44813a837ceaed90f0c377"><span><div id="2b125f290d44813a837ceaed90f0c377" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44813a837ceaed90f0c377" title="数据处理建议"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">数据处理建议</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44819aa2bcf4943c11c0f3" data-id="2b125f290d44819aa2bcf4943c11c0f3"><span><div id="2b125f290d44819aa2bcf4943c11c0f3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44819aa2bcf4943c11c0f3" title="数据收集与预处理："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">数据收集与预处理：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448124947cdbc4fdee0aa4"><b>选择合适的计算方法</b>：使用高质量的量子化学计算方法（如 DFT、HF）来获取基准能量数据。
<b>数据去噪</b>：剔除噪声数据和异常值，以确保数据质量。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481e1a0c5e591e3a02b47"><summary><b>平衡数据集：</b>确保你的数据集中涵盖足够的不同构型，以保证模型的泛化能力。</summary><div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481c183b8ca6103eca2ae"><summary>实现方法</summary><div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448151bc2bd1b9fcb7161f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>数据采样</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448151bc2bd1b9fcb7161f" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44812a8272c1d6825590d3"><li><b>欠采样（Under-sampling）</b>：从多样本的类别中随机删除一些样本，以平衡各类别的数量。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44819fac7cff03b8a18d9c"><li><b>过采样（Over-sampling）</b>：对少样本的类别进行复制，或使用插值方法生成新样本（如 SMOTE 方法）。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448166a55cd91bf475e4a2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>数据增强</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448166a55cd91bf475e4a2" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448180bf32e3e25d06c1c9"><li><b>变换操作</b>：通过随机旋转、平移、缩放等方式生成新的样本，以增加数据的多样性。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481af96aec7063f4add38"><li><b>噪声添加</b>：向数据中添加小的随机噪声，帮助模型学习更鲁棒的特征。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810e8ed5de3490372dde" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>数据分层抽样</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810e8ed5de3490372dde" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481229b4afe8c92fca10a"><li>在划分训练集和测试集时，确保每个类别的样本比例保持一致。可以使用 <code class="notion-inline-code">StratifiedKFold</code> 等技术进行分层交叉验证。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481319b41ebf14c30aeff" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>特征选择</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481319b41ebf14c30aeff" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481b3a631dff3384133f2"><li>选择对分类有较大影响的特征，以确保不同构型的数据点能够被有效区分。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448115b934e73abc89f781" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>聚类分析</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d448115b934e73abc89f781" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481e982f1c9546ddc9e7a"><li>使用聚类算法（如 K-means）对数据进行分类，确保在每个聚类中都有代表性的样本。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481d4b6f8c3cdc5239eaf" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>合成数据生成</b>：</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481d4b6f8c3cdc5239eaf" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44815db8c3e3479d8aca54"><li>使用生成对抗网络（GAN）等方法来生成具有代表性的新样本</li></ul></ol></ol></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44819186bccec6b0529c7e"><summary>代码实现</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481f2a712da33b52fad2d">以下是使用 Python 中的 <code class="notion-inline-code">imblearn</code> 库实现 SMOTE 的示例。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481bfa931c7d789fd2640"><summary>参考文献</summary><div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481aab633d5e51644e7c8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Chawla, N. V., et al. (2002).</b> &quot;SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique.&quot; <em>Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research</em>, 16, 321-357.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481aab633d5e51644e7c8" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44815887a0fcddff215c7d"><li>介绍了 SMOTE 方法，适用于处理不平衡数据集。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481769bdadd2acad82553" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>He, H., &amp; Bai, Y. (2014).</b> &quot;An improved SMOTE for imbalanced data classification.&quot; <em>2014 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics</em>.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481769bdadd2acad82553" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44812d80d6d58ed1211bb3"><li>探讨了 SMOTE 方法的改进之处，适合不平衡数据的分类问题。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481df9fb7d2cc86df82ee" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Khan, M. A., et al. (2019).</b> &quot;Balancing the classes in classification datasets using data augmentation techniques.&quot; <em>Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International</em>, 58(2), 222-233.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481df9fb7d2cc86df82ee" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448120a1f2d9d7a8677ab4"><li>讨论了多种数据增强技术在解决分类不平衡问题中的应用。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481eeb898c5c2d18539f8" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Zhang, C., et al. (2019).</b> &quot;A review of data augmentation techniques in image classification.&quot; <em>ACM Computing Surveys</em>, 53(4), 1-36.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481eeb898c5c2d18539f8" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481c1ba8eec3079d0243c"><li>虽然主要讨论图像分类，但其中的许多数据增强技术也适用于分子数据。</li></ul></ol></ol></div></details></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44816da63def46dab78590" data-id="2b125f290d44816da63def46dab78590"><span><div id="2b125f290d44816da63def46dab78590" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44816da63def46dab78590" title="特征选择与构造："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">特征选择与构造：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481348667c884a7c5e899"><b>选择特征：</b>可以使用分子描述符（如电子密度、分子轨道等）来描述分子的几何形状和电子性质。
<b>特征降维：</b>使用主成分分析（PCA）或 t-SNE 等方法进行特征降维，以便于可视化和模型训练。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481c191c0ddc7845e6a45" data-id="2b125f290d4481c191c0ddc7845e6a45"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481c191c0ddc7845e6a45" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481c191c0ddc7845e6a45" title="数据划分："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">数据划分：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b497bac8ccd01c863d"><b>训练集、验证集和测试集划分：</b>确保数据集的划分能够代表整个数据分布，通常采用 70%-15%-15% 或 80%-10%-10% 的比例。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481ea84edf374b76737e1" data-id="2b125f290d4481ea84edf374b76737e1"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481ea84edf374b76737e1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481ea84edf374b76737e1" title="数据增强："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">数据增强：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448198a690c0d5ea0e2c4f"><b>生成虚拟样本</b>：利用插值方法（如线性插值）在已知数据点之间生成新的样本，以增加训练数据的多样性。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d448186b65ddafd2ea838d2"><summary>线性插值</summary><div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44819cb10ec8ec43780ec2"><summary>基本思路</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481f89383f2044b984039">给定两个已知数据点((<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>, <span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>))和((<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>, <span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>))，线性插值的公式为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481709069fd5ca2460e3d">这里x是你希望插值的点，y是对应的插值结果。</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481988e24f49eaa4f7c02"><summary>代码实现</summary><div></div></details></div></details><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448184ad60ee7035c6042b"><b>扰动法</b>：对已有构型施加小扰动来生成新样本。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481f28b4cf4a34859ab62" data-id="2b125f290d4481f28b4cf4a34859ab62"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481f28b4cf4a34859ab62" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481f28b4cf4a34859ab62" title="模型选择与优化："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">模型选择与优化：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481bbb0a9d3eb12d65baa"><b>选择合适的机器学习算法：</b>如随机森林、支持向量机、神经网络等，根据数据特性选择合适的模型</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481ed9e0dd686290f6dac"><b>超参数调优：</b>使用交叉验证和网格搜索等方法进行超参数优化，以提高模型性能。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481c891b8c4d8ae0a0dcf" data-id="2b125f290d4481c891b8c4d8ae0a0dcf"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481c891b8c4d8ae0a0dcf" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481c891b8c4d8ae0a0dcf" title="评估与验证："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">评估与验证：</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481aab5c8d1eb46f98d1f"><b>使用适当的评估指标</b>：如均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）等，评估模型在测试集上的表现。
<b>可视化结果：</b>通过可视化工具（如散点图、热图）分析模型的预测结果与实际值之间的关系。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481958a51d380415461dd" data-id="2b125f290d4481958a51d380415461dd"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481958a51d380415461dd" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481958a51d380415461dd" title="参考文献"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考文献</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448138983ef9954ca7dbc7">以下是一些与化学分子机器学习和势能面构建相关的参考文章：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810e8e80d669848a8b38" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Bartók, A. P., et al. (2010).</b> &quot;Gaussian approximation potentials: The accuracy of quantum mechanics, without the electrons.&quot; <em>Physical Review Letters</em>, 104(13), 136403.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810e8e80d669848a8b38" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481a197eae610be550e3a"><li>这篇文章介绍了使用高斯近似势能来构建分子势能面的方法。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810bbc1ac63fbe56fc9a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Schütt, K. T., et al. (2017).</b> &quot;Quantum-chemical insights from deep tensor neural networks.&quot; <em>Nature Communications</em>, 8, 13890.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44810bbc1ac63fbe56fc9a" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481168e3de14c791e108c"><li>这篇文章探讨了深度学习在量子化学中的应用和势能面的构建方法。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44815ab221cb7fa79514b5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Behler, J., &amp; Parrinello, M. (2007).</b> &quot;Generalized Neural‐Network Representation of High‐Dimensional Potential‐Energy Surfaces.&quot; <em>Physical Review Letters</em>, 98(14), 146401.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d44815ab221cb7fa79514b5" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481499c61d26473561d2d"><li>这篇文章介绍了如何使用神经网络表示高维势能面。</li></ul></ol></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481ada553f5ab931b4b0e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>Bartók, A. P., et al. (2013).</b> &quot;On representing chemical environments in the Gaussian approximation potentials.&quot; <em>Physical Review B</em>, 87(18), 184115.</li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481ada553f5ab931b4b0e" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481a28184d67947dd1c85"><li>本文提出了一种基于高斯的化学环境表示方法，适用于机器学习势能面的构建。</li></ul></ol></ol><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44814080d0c2e044f7566d" data-id="2b125f290d44814080d0c2e044f7566d"><span><div id="2b125f290d44814080d0c2e044f7566d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44814080d0c2e044f7566d" title="平衡数据集：噪声增加"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">平衡数据集：噪声增加</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b0a0cbdd2f376418f3">向数据中添加小的随机噪声可以增强模型的鲁棒性，帮助它更好地学习特征。以下是一些常见的噪声添加方法及其相应的代码实现。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448180b813c1de1980ebeb" data-id="2b125f290d448180b813c1de1980ebeb"><span><div id="2b125f290d448180b813c1de1980ebeb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448180b813c1de1980ebeb" title="1. 高斯噪声 (Gaussian Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 高斯噪声 (Gaussian Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44817e8e08ef850bfa3997">高斯噪声是最常见的噪声类型，通常是正态分布的。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44816d83b2c517383cc850" data-id="2b125f290d44816d83b2c517383cc850"><span><div id="2b125f290d44816d83b2c517383cc850" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44816d83b2c517383cc850" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44812dbcd2c8ff47feea73" data-id="2b125f290d44812dbcd2c8ff47feea73"><span><div id="2b125f290d44812dbcd2c8ff47feea73" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44812dbcd2c8ff47feea73" title="参考文章"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考文章</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448185b676faa5e6af9142"><li>C. E. Shannon, &quot;A Mathematical Theory of Communication,&quot; Bell System Technical Journal, 1948.</li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481b4b432ebf789f28abc"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481d59789e5bba935e9e4" data-id="2b125f290d4481d59789e5bba935e9e4"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481d59789e5bba935e9e4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481d59789e5bba935e9e4" title="2. 盐和胡椒噪声 (Salt-and-Pepper Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 盐和胡椒噪声 (Salt-and-Pepper Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481ef8709fa653b2115a4">这种噪声常见于图像处理中，表现为图像中随机出现的白点和黑点。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44810e8ce0eaed394a4c32" data-id="2b125f290d44810e8ce0eaed394a4c32"><span><div id="2b125f290d44810e8ce0eaed394a4c32" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44810e8ce0eaed394a4c32" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481e5b946e506d2532002" data-id="2b125f290d4481e5b946e506d2532002"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481e5b946e506d2532002" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481e5b946e506d2532002" title="参考文章"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考文章</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481b5a5c4e1fd1814068d"><li>R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, &quot;Digital Image Processing,&quot; 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2018.</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448119800bf3ef0b52fdcc" data-id="2b125f290d448119800bf3ef0b52fdcc"><span><div id="2b125f290d448119800bf3ef0b52fdcc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448119800bf3ef0b52fdcc" title="3. 均匀噪声 (Uniform Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 均匀噪声 (Uniform Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481aead91c2f039863661">均匀噪声是从均匀分布中采样的噪声，通常在特定范围内。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44818399c5d2bd31a8e61c" data-id="2b125f290d44818399c5d2bd31a8e61c"><span><div id="2b125f290d44818399c5d2bd31a8e61c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44818399c5d2bd31a8e61c" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481139f07e77b3cdd9910" data-id="2b125f290d4481139f07e77b3cdd9910"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481139f07e77b3cdd9910" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481139f07e77b3cdd9910" title="参考文章"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考文章</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481d1a86cf5a52f5b3eb8"><li>H. L. Van Trees, &quot;Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory,&quot; Wiley, 1971.</li></ul><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481e0a8fcdb55c698e0e1"/><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481169c9dd56fbef0c0c5" data-id="2b125f290d4481169c9dd56fbef0c0c5"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481169c9dd56fbef0c0c5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481169c9dd56fbef0c0c5" title="4. 乘法噪声 (Multiplicative Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 乘法噪声 (Multiplicative Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448112a1fec4d1145e76da">这种噪声通常用于模拟信号的衰减或增益变化，在某些领域（如雷达和通信）中广泛应用。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448145b0e2e1901b87e9ac" data-id="2b125f290d448145b0e2e1901b87e9ac"><span><div id="2b125f290d448145b0e2e1901b87e9ac" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448145b0e2e1901b87e9ac" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448188a52efb746f058877" data-id="2b125f290d448188a52efb746f058877"><span><div id="2b125f290d448188a52efb746f058877" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448188a52efb746f058877" title="参考文章"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考文章</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448145bc26e4b640a3da70"><li>T. S. Rappaport, &quot;Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,&quot; 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44819b9a30f87995701c19" data-id="2b125f290d44819b9a30f87995701c19"><span><div id="2b125f290d44819b9a30f87995701c19" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44819b9a30f87995701c19" title="5. 泊松噪声 (Poisson Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. 泊松噪声 (Poisson Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481d2a1ead985a0ad8b71">泊松噪声通常用于计数数据（例如光子计数），其噪声强度与信号强度成正比。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481f79c93f9bc6964f189" data-id="2b125f290d4481f79c93f9bc6964f189"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481f79c93f9bc6964f189" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481f79c93f9bc6964f189" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448148990affb016efcdeb" data-id="2b125f290d448148990affb016efcdeb"><span><div id="2b125f290d448148990affb016efcdeb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448148990affb016efcdeb" title="6. 频率噪声 (Frequency Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 频率噪声 (Frequency Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b694c6cf1ec8ec54c1">频率噪声通常在信号处理中涉及频率的不确定性，它在许多应用中，比如无线通信和音频信号处理中非常重要。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44812fa3d0ca045b4c369c" data-id="2b125f290d44812fa3d0ca045b4c369c"><span><div id="2b125f290d44812fa3d0ca045b4c369c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44812fa3d0ca045b4c369c" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44812d84e2d6d76d3f1b2a" data-id="2b125f290d44812d84e2d6d76d3f1b2a"><span><div id="2b125f290d44812d84e2d6d76d3f1b2a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44812d84e2d6d76d3f1b2a" title="7. 相位噪声 (Phase Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">7. 相位噪声 (Phase Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44815fb001e5edfe4fdcbe">相位噪声通常在无线通信和信号处理中出现，表现为信号相位的随机波动。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44816ca0a6ea82898537f2" data-id="2b125f290d44816ca0a6ea82898537f2"><span><div id="2b125f290d44816ca0a6ea82898537f2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44816ca0a6ea82898537f2" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448108af87c79e1fadcd54" data-id="2b125f290d448108af87c79e1fadcd54"><span><div id="2b125f290d448108af87c79e1fadcd54" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448108af87c79e1fadcd54" title="8. 色噪声 (Colored Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">8. 色噪声 (Colored Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44818f89cfdc8a13e64112">色噪声是指具有特定频率分布的噪声。常见的有白噪声（均匀分布）和粉色噪声（以频率递减的功率谱密度）。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481bebbbfd290a904b8f8" data-id="2b125f290d4481bebbbfd290a904b8f8"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481bebbbfd290a904b8f8" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481bebbbfd290a904b8f8" title="代码实现"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">代码实现</span></span></h4><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44812688f8c3bd1f6933e4" data-id="2b125f290d44812688f8c3bd1f6933e4"><span><div id="2b125f290d44812688f8c3bd1f6933e4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44812688f8c3bd1f6933e4" title="9. 斜率噪声 (Slope Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">9. 斜率噪声 (Slope Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b1a31dd276e170e456">这是一种具有特定斜率特征的噪声，通常在某些物理现象或金融时间序列中观察到。</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481dbbd2cca9a9f5238c2"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481f784e8dd5a2c4a2480" data-id="2b125f290d4481f784e8dd5a2c4a2480"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481f784e8dd5a2c4a2480" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481f784e8dd5a2c4a2480" title="关于可以施加在材料表面的噪声："><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>关于可以施加在材料表面的噪声：</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481faa2a9e246be520087">主要涉及到与表面及界面现象相关的噪声。这些噪声可能源于分子运动、表面不均匀性、缺陷、热波动等因素。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481ce85ced6d77db796c6" data-id="2b125f290d4481ce85ced6d77db796c6"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481ce85ced6d77db796c6" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481ce85ced6d77db796c6" title="1. 热噪声 (Thermal Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 热噪声 (Thermal Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481d89038dd0ea6807084">热噪声是由材料内部的分子热运动引起的。它在材料的导电性、导热性等方面具有重要影响。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d448114a73ff960b31e81ef"><summary>代码实现</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b1b234e5d27f7fd148">热噪声通常可以用随机数生成来模拟。以下是一个生成热噪声的简单示例：</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44816ca060f0118fb98f5b"><summary>参考文章</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448129a0f2cb412f91ee89"><li>K. B. Oldham, &quot;Noise in Electronic Circuits,&quot; IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 1980.</li></ul></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481189b68d53ce23108d7" data-id="2b125f290d4481189b68d53ce23108d7"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481189b68d53ce23108d7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481189b68d53ce23108d7" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481dc99cac338faba80f0"><li>在电导率测量中，热噪声会影响到信号的准确性，尤其是在低温或微小信号的情况下。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44818da291ff84653f50b1" data-id="2b125f290d44818da291ff84653f50b1"><span><div id="2b125f290d44818da291ff84653f50b1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44818da291ff84653f50b1" title="2. 粘附噪声 (Adhesion Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 粘附噪声 (Adhesion Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481e9b020d5c9fdee35da">在材料表面，分子间的粘附力会因分子排列不均匀、温度变化等因素而波动，从而导致粘附噪声。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481209e6bde77567c4ffd"><summary>代码实现</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481e6bf87f7df0f3f419d">我们可以模拟分子相对位置的不均匀性来代表粘附噪声：</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481ffaf3dc75b4c8684a9"><summary>参考文章</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448157bce2fdc7e27a6cb5"><li>M. A. Z. De Almeida and M. S. S. De Sousa, &quot;Modeling of Adhesive Noise in Mechanical Systems,&quot; International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019.</li></ul></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481188d18d5a76568b9d4" data-id="2b125f290d4481188d18d5a76568b9d4"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481188d18d5a76568b9d4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481188d18d5a76568b9d4" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44819697c9ed985f532405"><li>在微纳米技术中，粘附噪声会影响到材料的表面处理和功能化。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44817a851adc2f43fbee54" data-id="2b125f290d44817a851adc2f43fbee54"><span><div id="2b125f290d44817a851adc2f43fbee54" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44817a851adc2f43fbee54" title="3. 界面噪声 (Interfacial Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 界面噪声 (Interfacial Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448125b86cca4d0a9248f6">在多层材料或复合材料中，界面处的分子排列不均匀和界面缺陷可能导致噪声。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44815fb797e1f13999b528"><summary>代码实现</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448152b876d974c00e83dd">界面噪声可以通过不同层之间的分子间距波动来模拟：</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44816384abe20dda83fba5"><summary>参考文章</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44811b90bfcfa6073c4f01"><li>M. J. T. B. C. C. Leal and A. C. F. De Oliveira, &quot;Interfacial Properties and Noise in Nanostructured Materials,&quot; Journal of Materials Research, 2020.</li></ul></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448161a450c51fe0b29389" data-id="2b125f290d448161a450c51fe0b29389"><span><div id="2b125f290d448161a450c51fe0b29389" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448161a450c51fe0b29389" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44818a80a5c58ac8532634"><li>界面噪声会影响材料的机械性能和电性能，尤其是在微观尺度下。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448130803ed9dfed98bdfe" data-id="2b125f290d448130803ed9dfed98bdfe"><span><div id="2b125f290d448130803ed9dfed98bdfe" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448130803ed9dfed98bdfe" title="4. 结构噪声 (Structural Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 结构噪声 (Structural Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448121b56ce2e21a219782">材料表面的微观结构（如粗糙度、缺陷、晶粒边界等）会引入结构噪声，这种噪声影响材料的性能。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481c68375f5fb0017ba05"><summary>代码实现</summary><div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448179a906dde847200e85">以下是一个简单的示例，模拟一个具有随机缺陷的晶体结构：</div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d4481d6a0ebe1591364c2ec"><summary>参考文章</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448186ae7bc0725e10d0ba"><li>M. J. M. De Jong, et al., &quot;Structure and Noise in Defected Crystals,&quot; Physical Review B, 2019.</li></ul></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481679315cdd44364d9db" data-id="2b125f290d4481679315cdd44364d9db"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481679315cdd44364d9db" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481679315cdd44364d9db" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44814a9bfee0c0b08368ac"><li>在纳米材料的研究中，微观结构的变化会导致性能的显著变化。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448105889bde3662401792" data-id="2b125f290d448105889bde3662401792"><span><div id="2b125f290d448105889bde3662401792" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448105889bde3662401792" title="5. 动态噪声 (Dynamic Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">5. 动态噪声 (Dynamic Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481279b98cc14e4c8d7ee">随着时间的推移，表面分子的运动和排列会引入动态噪声。这种噪声与分子动力学模拟密切相关。</div><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d44818e988feb22318b7a89"><summary>代码实现</summary><div></div></details><details class="notion-toggle notion-block-2b125f290d448130b93fed422576fdb6"><summary>参考文章</summary><div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481739e6df557b9f87d89"><li>M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, &quot;Computer Simulation of Liquids,&quot; Oxford University Press, 1987.</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44818bb650cd5c6d8edf12"><li>D. Frenkel and B. Smit, &quot;Understanding Molecular Simulation: From Algorithms to Applications,&quot; Academic Press, 2002.</li></ul></div></details><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44811294b7e74919504728" data-id="2b125f290d44811294b7e74919504728"><span><div id="2b125f290d44811294b7e74919504728" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44811294b7e74919504728" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448147b00df9a2c2d750c8"><li>在分子动力学模拟中，分子的运动轨迹可以用来分析动态噪声对材料性能的影响。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d44817c9324e5a40c83e366" data-id="2b125f290d44817c9324e5a40c83e366"><span><div id="2b125f290d44817c9324e5a40c83e366" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44817c9324e5a40c83e366" title="6. 电子噪声 (Electronic Noise)"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">6. 电子噪声 (Electronic Noise)</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44812dbda6c5cc29cacfe2">在表面电子器件中，表面分子的状态可能对电子的传输产生影响，导致电子噪声。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d4481c89ee0d00643db4c78" data-id="2b125f290d4481c89ee0d00643db4c78"><span><div id="2b125f290d4481c89ee0d00643db4c78" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d4481c89ee0d00643db4c78" title="示例"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">示例</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44818683b2dc1fbf3dbce4"><li>在表面传感器中，表面分子的吸附和解吸过程可能导致电子信号的波动。</li></ul><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481d4a62bd14a45f44f2b"> </div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481388490cbc1ce675dde" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>分子动力学与噪声：</b></li><ol class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2b125f290d4481388490cbc1ce675dde" style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44818dbbedd5b978f400fa"><li>J. G. Powles, &quot;Statistical Mechanics of Density and Structure,&quot; Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2015.</li></ul></ol></ol><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2b125f290d448166a32ff61d5f57da82" data-id="2b125f290d448166a32ff61d5f57da82"><span><div id="2b125f290d448166a32ff61d5f57da82" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d448166a32ff61d5f57da82" title="注意事项"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">注意事项</span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448152b235d2bc329c8ba1"><li><b>噪声的强度</b>：添加噪声时要注意噪声的幅度，过大的噪声可能会导致样本偏离真实分布，影响结果。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44812c8b74e93505cc687b"><li><b>收敛性</b>：在某些情况下，过度添加噪声会使收敛速度变慢，因此需要在噪声强度和收敛性之间找到平衡。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44817a9e26f3f6c6d00c83"><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/421052050" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A survey on deep learning-based Monte Carlo denoising</a></b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d448193bc57eab345195ab3"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[高熵合金]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-800b-a8be-e3adb127682e</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-800b-a8be-e3adb127682e</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d44800ba8bee3adb127682e"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-callout notion-gray_background_co notion-block-2b125f290d4481f5aaafe65739161961"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481a0ad7cc8c60fd70b1a">🀄背景:</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44818a8fa1d03ed06fcf59">能源消耗的增长和环境问题的加剧对人类社会的可持续发展构成了严峻挑战，促使研究者探索经济且环保的能源生产、储存和转换方法，其中电化学过程尤为关键。在这些过程中，催化剂对于降低能垒和加速反应动力学至关重要。金属基材料作为非均相催化剂的主流，其单一金属位点的活性和稳定性往往不足，需要通过合金化等策略进行优化，以调节表面或近表面原子的电子结构，提高电催化性能。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448127be82dd7532ed7c4a">合金化通过应变/配体效应改善催化剂的电子和几何结构，但合金原子组成的多样性受限于金属间的差异，限制了电子结构的调节和中间体吸附能的优化。为了突破这一限制，需要连续调整金属催化剂的表面电子结构。高熵合金（HEAs）作为一种新兴合金体系，其组分分布的连续调整为电催化提供了新的可能性，尤其是在纳米技术推动下，高熵纳米合金（HENAs）因其表面原子的高暴露度而受到广泛关注，有望在电催化领域实现突破。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44810f8b47da0668060fb8">
<b><a class="notion-link" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ll4ysqburASWkDx2yDE3rg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">高熵合金浅谈</a></b></div></div></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481888a57dadb1aba25a3"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.023" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Empowering multicomponent alloys with unique nanostructure for exceptional oxygen evolution performance through self-replenishment</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b8914cfe6ac115f22e">设计了一种多组分高熵合金催化剂（(FeCoNi)₂Nb），通过多元素协同效应提升了催化活性，并通过动态自补充机制实现了长时间的稳定运行。</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44812ab97ff0414664c1e8"><li>首先，DFT计算用于分析OER过程中关键反应中间体（如OH*、O*、OOH*）在催化剂表面的吸附行为。研究发现，(FeCoNi)2Nb高熵合金中的多种过渡金属通过电子结构的协同调控，有效降低了氧中间体的吸附能，特别是在OH和OOH的吸附过程中表现出显著的能量降低。通过优化反应界面与中间体的相互作用，这种吸附能的减小加快了氧中间体的脱附过程，从而有效提升了OER的反应速率。</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d448199bd4ac13244aafdc3"><li>进一步的DFT计算通过详细的自由能分析，揭示了OER的反应路径及各个步骤的能量变化。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b0b469f1181ead06e7">在OER反应过程中，内层NbOx不仅稳定了电子结构，还通过较低的扩散能垒为外层的活性元素提供持续的补充来源。随着外层Fe、Co、Ni元素的逐渐消耗，内层NbOx中的元素通过扩散机制不断向外迁移，有效补偿外层失去的活性物质，维持了催化剂表面结构的完整性。</div><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d448153a2b7c9f075ae2c10"/><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481199cc2f6b7f96f559c"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.001" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">High-entropy alloy electrocatalysts screened using machine learning informed by quantum-inspired similarity analysis</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448118ab73d8c0bf2d41b1">FeCoNiIrRu HEA</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44815daec7fda3a9147496">DFT通过化学中间体在预期吸附位点的能量来预测电催化反应的过电势，帮助筛选新型电催化剂。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481fab30bd75c312c3266"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af3b0ac05-7e77-46da-9797-8f8aab10ede8%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-81fa-b30b-d75c312c3266&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-81fa-b30b-d75c312c3266" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d448121b224d94b7b717fd6"/><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d44818f951ee85a15468fdb"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202419093" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Progressive Fabrication of a Pt-Based High-Entropy-Alloy Catalyst toward Highly Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481c58d8bde6f1fb4036c">丙烷脱氢 </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481f0a1d8e59928bccf91">本文报道了一种由合金化效应引导的用于丙烷脱氢的HEA催化剂的设计和制备的策略。选取Cu、Sn、Au和Pd用于合成HEA并证明他们对Pt具有稀释、包封、表面富集和不均匀性效应。所制备的HEA催化剂，即PtCuAuPd/SiO2，表现出优异的丙烷脱氢活性、选择性和稳定性。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448177ae90e64c2fe81372">
系统表征表明，元素的随机混合、结构稳定性和高的Pt暴露促进了大量稳定的孤立Pt位点的暴露。从而使得其具有优异的丙烷脱氢性能。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481b2b594c3cf6b66f171"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A7cb934ee-5980-4e03-8aa7-950a2f1c59e4%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-81b2-b594-c3cf6b66f171&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-81b2-b594-c3cf6b66f171" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><hr class="notion-hr notion-block-2b125f290d4481929a62e6f170552574"/><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481dcb9e8c4ac5e6e6abb"><div><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn2877" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">High-entropy alloy electrocatalysts go to (sub-)nanoscale</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b6ae82ecdeca890da4">高熵、纳米和多维 电催化</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481cb890af4a2efeed68c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A775f8280-8d7e-477f-8317-88a15ca64a9f%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-81cb-890a-f4a2efeed68c&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-81cb-890a-f4a2efeed68c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481e68c4af096f11636c2">传统合金不同的四个特性：高熵、晶格畸变、扩散缓慢和鸡尾酒效应</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481b19b22dbc879f0fcdf"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9249e221-da31-4502-82d8-d0eca5db19a2%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-81b1-9b22-dbc879f0fcdf&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-81b1-9b22-dbc879f0fcdf" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-callout notion-gray_background_co notion-block-2b125f290d44812e811cf3fa5263591e"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481d9ab3dc4886279cb63">关键挑战：1） 高熵合金的受控制备和定制。尽管已经实现并报道了HEAs的形态控制合成，但HEAs的可控形貌非常有限。开发更具可控性的合成方法。2）扩展到其他电催化应用。考虑到高熵合金具有优势的多位点协同催化，它为引导高度复杂的电催化反应提供了额外的机会，并特异性地提高了选择性。3）了解高熵合金结构与催化活性的关系。高熵合金表面和内部结构的复杂性，以及电催化过程中的表面动力学，对HEA基电催化剂活性位点的鉴定提出了严峻的挑战。4）工业化应用。</div></div></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d448151a093ecd74ec9ba80"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.adr4697" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Determinants of vacancy formation and migration in high-entropy alloys</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481bd9302e7ac132a6bdd">描述符 催化剂设计</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44811b8b0cd38f8242a09e">提出了一种基于电负性(χ)和价电子数(Sv)的新电子描述符(χSv)，成功量化了高熵合金(HEAs)中空位形成与迁移的电子相互作用，建立了通用的物理模型，有望加速高性能HEAs的设计</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b982f8d28589b05958">空位形成能Ef主要受电子相互作用控制，而局部晶格畸变(LLD)的影响较小。χSv较大的元素周围更难形成空位，而χSv较小的元素周围更容易形成空位。空位迁移势垒Eb受迁移原子与周围环境的电子相互作用共同决定</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d44812a8b21ea3a11e7b0b2"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112454" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prediction and design of high hardness high entropy alloy through machine learning</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448127afe0ea4b00638ee1">机器学习模型 硬度预测和高硬度HEA的成分优化</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481bf9b66d06e3dc97fe3">结合可解释ML方法和固溶强化理论的硬度预测模型，总结了一个通用的设计框架，用于各种HEA性能的预测和组成优化。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481fe8958cece74b59262"><div><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c13863" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Activating the Basal Plane of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via High-Entropy Alloying</a></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481539fa5f95450297b03">通过将倾向于2H（1T）相的元素合金化为1T（2H）结构，可以<b>在TMDCs基面上形成高密度的催化活性位点</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44810fb9e2d050a8336155"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1dc0ffaf-1628-412a-91e7-7dec9073c1e6%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-810f-b9e2-d050a8336155&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-810f-b9e2-d050a8336155" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481668f34cf09dd19a60e"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44261-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Unusual Sabatier principle on high entropy alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448183a4bbf4a4bbad0069">Sabatier原理 PtFeCoNiCu</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481c5984dc0b13e764cdc">发现HEA催化剂上的异常Sabatier原理，提出μ和σ作为描述符，此合成的PtFeCoNiCu HEA催化剂HER性能优异。该原理对其他吸附质也适用</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44813db2e6c07b32e81001"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aad33e1fa-dda3-4150-b21f-68f84131564e%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-813d-b2e6-c07b32e81001&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-813d-b2e6-c07b32e81001" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448149acacca8f84b525ee">一些强吸附的活性位点可以用来激活反应物，而一些弱吸附的活性位点则有利于产物的形成，如果中间体容易在HEA表面扩散，则规避了Sabatier原理。这意味着HEA催化剂为突破火山催化活性提供了新的契机。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d44814e8393db2187624359"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41524-025-01579-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Harnessing machine learning for high-entropy alloy catalysis: a focus on adsorption energy prediction</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44815296d4c1431baac9cb"><b>综述文章 机器学习预测HEA催化中的吸附能</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448148b532d9f47aaa1adf">基于机器学习的两种主要策略：直接从非平衡结构预测吸附能（策略1）和通过机器学习势能引导的松弛建模预测吸附能（策略2）</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44816f89afe2727863ddad"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A3cc37c4d-e0a7-4a67-b038-9d23da00ba3a%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-816f-89af-e2727863ddad&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-816f-89af-e2727863ddad" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481979fa5ce8b6df3329c"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d44819ebcf0d03b85a2fde1">面临的挑战和未来发展方向，包括基准测试、数据集开发、预训练与微调、多目标优化以及与实验验证的结合等</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44815a93acd3d2c952ac60"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab147f3a2-611e-41bb-b7d8-e8266de59586%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-815a-93ac-d3d2c952ac60&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-815a-93ac-d3d2c952ac60" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d4481fca72af873a0000963"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.5c00606" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Revolutionizing Ammonia Synthesis: FeCoNiAlSi High-Entropy Alloy Catalyst for Low-Pressure, Low-Temperature Applications</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481d2a9a5fa701bdb2623">QM KMC  FeCoNi(AlSi)0.76 哈伯-博施(HB)工艺D</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d448166ac41dfd5e9188a6c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A2c587523-842b-44bd-8719-f6292c2fcad4%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-8166-ac41-dfd5e9188a6c&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-8166-ac41-dfd5e9188a6c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d448199903ddab20cd63680">利用QM和kMC模拟系统地研究了FeCoNi(AlSi)0.76HEA在氨合成过程中的催化性能。该分析涵盖了HEA的稳定性、表面能、吸附位点的偏好、反应机制和氨的产率。</div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-2b125f290d44813b80e6efb084384254"><div><b><a class="notion-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.5c07553" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Post-Synthetic Transformation of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles into High-Entropy Intermetallics for Selective Acetylene Semi-Hydrogenation Catalysis</a></b></div></blockquote><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481a7aa3ec7e064ff0e2f"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[2024 年终汇报]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-8082-8d5f-d6432c515a2b</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-8082-8d5f-d6432c515a2b</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[2024 年研究生课题组汇报]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d4480828d5fd6432c515a2b"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div><div></div><div class="notion-collection-header"><div class="notion-collection-header-title">文献综述</div></div></div><div class="notion-collection notion-block-2b125f290d4481fbafb9ea0ef7a753a8"><div class="notion-table" style="visibility:hidden"><div class="notion-table-view"><div class="notion-table-header"><div class="notion-table-header-inner"><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:276px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M7.74 8.697a.81.81 0 01.073.308.894.894 0 01-.9.888.867.867 0 01-.825-.592l-.333-.961H2.058l-.333.961a.882.882 0 01-.838.592A.884.884 0 010 9.005c0-.11.025-.222.062-.308l2.403-6.211c.222-.58.776-.986 1.442-.986.653 0 1.22.407 1.442.986l2.39 6.211zM2.6 6.824h2.613L3.907 3.102 2.6 6.824zm8.8-3.118c1.355 0 2.6.542 2.6 2.255V9.08a.8.8 0 01-.789.814.797.797 0 01-.788-.703c-.395.468-1.097.764-1.874.764-.949 0-2.07-.64-2.07-1.972 0-1.392 1.121-1.897 2.07-1.897.789 0 1.491.246 1.886.727v-.826c0-.604-.518-.998-1.306-.998-.469 0-.888.123-1.32.394a.64.64 0 01-.307.086.602.602 0 01-.592-.604c0-.221.123-.419.284-.517a3.963 3.963 0 012.206-.641zm-.222 5.188c.505 0 .998-.172 1.257-.517v-.74c-.259-.345-.752-.517-1.257-.517-.616 0-1.122.332-1.122.9 0 .554.506.874 1.122.874zM.656 11.125h12.688a.656.656 0 110 1.313H.656a.656.656 0 110-1.313z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">文献</div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:200px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M7 4.568a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-6a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046a.5.5 0 00.5.5h6a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V4.568zM.5 1a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045a.5.5 0 00.5.5h12a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V1.5a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5zM0 8.682a.5.5 0 00.5.5h11a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V7.636a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046zm0 3.068a.5.5 0 00.5.5h9a.5.5 0 00.5-.5v-1.045a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-9a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">DOI</div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:200px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M4 3a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm0 4a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm0 4a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zM2 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2zm0 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2zm0 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">关键词</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-header-placeholder"></div><div class="notion-table-body"><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d4481fc8ccbf03d931571a7"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Current progress on plastic microplastic degradation: Fact influences  and mechanism" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Current progress on plastic microplastic degradation: Fact influences  and mechanism</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119159" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119159</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-orange">Microplastics</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-purple">Physicochemical degradation</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-gray">Biodegradation</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-green">Enzymes</div></span></div></div><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d4481fea897d2b800b51bdb"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Current Status of Methods Used In Degradation of Polymers: A Review" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Current Status of Methods Used In Degradation of Polymers: A Review</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402023" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402023</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-yellow">Polymers</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-brown">PVA</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-red">PP</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-blue">PVC</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-default">thermal degradation</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-gray">Biodegradation</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-pink">photo degradation</div></span></div></div><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d448159ac8cf0fe40f4d47b"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Polymer degradation: a short review" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Polymer degradation: a short review</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/cti-2020-0015" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1515/cti-2020-0015</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-pink">depolymerization</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-green">kinetics and mechanism</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-blue">polymer burning</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-purple">polymer degradation</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-green">polymer recycling</div></span></div></div><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d4481d789e8f27fbe4fb815"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Status and Enhancement Techniques of Plastic Waste Degradation in the Environment: A Review" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Status and Enhancement Techniques of Plastic Waste Degradation in the Environment: A Review</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219395" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219395</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-gray">Biodegradation</div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d4481419ea9f8d562652a44"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:816px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aed48c168-8af9-4949-b876-3c6dbd5cc5f4%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-8141-9ea9-f8d562652a44&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-8141-9ea9-f8d562652a44" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div><div></div><div class="notion-collection-header"><div class="notion-collection-header-title">塑料降解的研究</div></div></div><div class="notion-collection notion-block-2b125f290d4481258b14fed3204cef4b"><div class="notion-table" style="visibility:hidden"><div class="notion-table-view"><div class="notion-table-header"><div class="notion-table-header-inner"><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:276px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M7.74 8.697a.81.81 0 01.073.308.894.894 0 01-.9.888.867.867 0 01-.825-.592l-.333-.961H2.058l-.333.961a.882.882 0 01-.838.592A.884.884 0 010 9.005c0-.11.025-.222.062-.308l2.403-6.211c.222-.58.776-.986 1.442-.986.653 0 1.22.407 1.442.986l2.39 6.211zM2.6 6.824h2.613L3.907 3.102 2.6 6.824zm8.8-3.118c1.355 0 2.6.542 2.6 2.255V9.08a.8.8 0 01-.789.814.797.797 0 01-.788-.703c-.395.468-1.097.764-1.874.764-.949 0-2.07-.64-2.07-1.972 0-1.392 1.121-1.897 2.07-1.897.789 0 1.491.246 1.886.727v-.826c0-.604-.518-.998-1.306-.998-.469 0-.888.123-1.32.394a.64.64 0 01-.307.086.602.602 0 01-.592-.604c0-.221.123-.419.284-.517a3.963 3.963 0 012.206-.641zm-.222 5.188c.505 0 .998-.172 1.257-.517v-.74c-.259-.345-.752-.517-1.257-.517-.616 0-1.122.332-1.122.9 0 .554.506.874 1.122.874zM.656 11.125h12.688a.656.656 0 110 1.313H.656a.656.656 0 110-1.313z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">名称</div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:200px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M7 4.568a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-6a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046a.5.5 0 00.5.5h6a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V4.568zM.5 1a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045a.5.5 0 00.5.5h12a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V1.5a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5zM0 8.682a.5.5 0 00.5.5h11a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V7.636a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046zm0 3.068a.5.5 0 00.5.5h9a.5.5 0 00.5-.5v-1.045a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-9a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">DOI</div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:200px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M4 3a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm0 4a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zm0 4a1 1 0 011-1h7a1 1 0 110 2H5a1 1 0 01-1-1zM2 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2zm0 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2zm0 4a1 1 0 110-2 1 1 0 010 2z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">关键词</div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-th"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell" style="width:200px"><div class="notion-table-view-header-cell-inner"><div class="notion-collection-column-title"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 14" class="notion-collection-column-title-icon"><path d="M7 4.568a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-6a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046a.5.5 0 00.5.5h6a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V4.568zM.5 1a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045a.5.5 0 00.5.5h12a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V1.5a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5zM0 8.682a.5.5 0 00.5.5h11a.5.5 0 00.5-.5V7.636a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5H.5a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.046zm0 3.068a.5.5 0 00.5.5h9a.5.5 0 00.5-.5v-1.045a.5.5 0 00-.5-.5h-9a.5.5 0 00-.5.5v1.045z"></path></svg><div class="notion-collection-column-title-body">摘要</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="notion-table-header-placeholder"></div><div class="notion-table-body"><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d4481af8263ce79e6e3c57f"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Atomic-scale insight into thermal decomposition behavior of polypropylene: A ReaxFF method" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Atomic-scale insight into thermal decomposition behavior of polypropylene: A ReaxFF method</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110038" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110038</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-default">PP pyrolysis</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-gray">ReaxFF MD</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-pink">Pyrolysis kinetics analysis</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-green">Kinetic model</div><div class="notion-property-multi_select-item notion-item-orange">Reaction pathway and mechanism</div></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text">本研究首次在大型聚丙烯（PP）体系上实现了反应力场分子动力学（ReaxFF MD），研究了聚丙烯（PP）在加热和恒温过程中的热分解特性，并讨论了聚丙烯的热解机理。
反应开始时，聚丙烯长链上的 C-C 键随机裂解，形成了一系列产物。在加热阶段，随着温度的升高，产物成分逐渐转向轻组分，丙烯的数量明显高于其他产物。在恒温阶段，长期的高温导致体系发生二次反应，重组分含量增加。两种部分反应途径的观察结果表明，聚合物链节的随机断裂和链端断裂机制在 PP 的热分解过程中都起了作用。基于模拟数据的热解动力学分析表明，收缩圆柱体模型适用于聚丙烯热解，聚丙烯整体降解的活化能与前人的研究结果基本一致。目前的研究结果有助于说明聚丙烯的热解过程和理解其反应机理。</span></div></div><div class="notion-table-row"><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-title" style="width:276px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-title"><a class="notion-page-link" href="/2b125f290d4481cdbde5db89e6b50da5"><span class="notion-page-title"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-image"><svg class="notion-page-title-icon notion-page-icon" alt="Understanding Rapid PET Degradation via Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Kinetic Modeling" viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="16"><path d="M16,1H4v28h22V11L16,1z M16,3.828L23.172,11H16V3.828z M24,27H6V3h8v10h10V27z M8,17h14v-2H8V17z M8,21h14v-2H8V21z M8,25h14v-2H8V25z"></path></svg></div><span class="notion-page-title-text">Understanding Rapid PET Degradation via Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Kinetic Modeling</span></span></a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text"><a class="notion-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03717</a></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-multi_select" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-multi_select"></span></div><div class="notion-table-cell notion-table-cell-text" style="width:200px"><span class="notion-property notion-property-text">在这项工作中，通过反应分子动力学 (MD) 模拟研究了 PET 的快速热解。揭示了产生气体物种的机制，其中涉及通过酯氧-烷基碳键解离和缩合反应产生乙烯和TPA自由基，以消耗TPA自由基并产生含有苯甲酸苯酯结构的长链产物和CO2。
本研究对PET热解进行了详细的机理研究，并建立了主要物种的有效动力学模型。本文提出的从原子 MD 模拟中提取动力学信息（例如详细的动力学常数和活化能）的方法也可以应用于相关系统，例如其他聚合物的热解。</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2b125f290d44816c8ac3d569963cf5ef" data-id="2b125f290d44816c8ac3d569963cf5ef"><span><div id="2b125f290d44816c8ac3d569963cf5ef" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b125f290d44816c8ac3d569963cf5ef" title="ReaxFF方法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">ReaxFF方法</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481e790d4f8c0e163a849">ReaxFF（反应力场）方法是分子模拟领域一种功能强大的计算方法，主要有以下几个关键要点：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481b9b50fffdd3d0010d4"><li><b>力场设计</b>：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481b9b50fffdd3d0010d4"><li>传统力场使用固定的键级和原子类型来描述分子体系。与之不同的是，ReaxFF属于反应力场。它能够在模拟过程中自动调整键级，实现化学键的断裂与形成，从而更逼真地处理诸如燃烧、催化、材料降解这类复杂化学反应。它设定了一个连续的键级参数，该参数可以在整数之间平滑变动，以此来考量化学反应过渡态中常见的部分键特性 。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481ac933ff98e7904b635"><li><b>参数化</b>：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481ac933ff98e7904b635"><li>ReaxFF的参数源自量子力学计算。通过对与目标体系相关的一系列小分子进行高水平的从头算或密度泛函理论（DFT）数据拟合，这些参数可以精确捕捉能量与几何性质。这使得该方法能够处理比纯量子力学方法所能处理的大得多的体系规模。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44817ca2c1ffcf47578c3f"><li><b>适用范围</b>：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d44817ca2c1ffcf47578c3f"><li>在材料科学领域，它被用于研究金属及合金的氧化、腐蚀和烧结过程。例如，可以模拟金属表面随时间推移与氧气发生反应形成氧化物的过程。</li><li>在含能材料研究中，ReaxFF能够模拟炸药的分解路径，为了解起始触发步骤、能量释放情况以及反应产物的形成提供洞见。</li><li>在环境化学方面，它可以模拟大气中污染物的降解过程，助力研究人员预测有害化学物质在空气中的归宿及其转化产物。</li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481878d6ecde9e4049051"><li><b>计算效率</b>：</li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b125f290d4481878d6ecde9e4049051"><li>尽管对于超大规模、长时间尺度的模拟而言，ReaxFF的计算量依旧不小，但与从头算或DFT计算相比，它的运算速度有显著提升。这使得在纳秒到微秒的时间尺度上，针对包含数千个原子的体系开展分子动力学模拟成为可能，而这对于探究复杂反应机理的动力学与热力学特性至关重要。</li></ul></ul></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[RDKit]]></title>
            <link>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-8044-a220-f95902c32673</link>
            <guid>http://yhang.chemyhang.com/article/2b125f29-0d44-8044-a220-f95902c32673</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-2b125f290d448044a220f95902c32673"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44818d9a4dc61d45a1d35c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af346017e-bd63-4800-97a5-62078a2c3663%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-818d-9a4d-c61d45a1d35c&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-818d-9a4d-c61d45a1d35c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d44811685ebf09672e2d615"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2b125f290d4481b3be00e8d41d27f18d">3D 文件生成</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2b125f290d44819a883fefde57f36717"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af56d6b4e-b375-48ca-897d-0118a6e0048b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=2b125f29-0d44-819a-883f-efde57f36717&amp;t=2b125f29-0d44-819a-883f-efde57f36717" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481198f57f89d3da14e2a"> </div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-2b125f290d4481758d4cc0202e65efc4"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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